Enhance math content and widget responsiveness: Add detailed explanations for calculating remainders in written calculation chapters, including examples in _index.md and core.html. Update SKILL.md to include mobile-first demo responsiveness guidelines for all widgets. Revise styles in chapter.scss to improve mobile layout and introduce a mobile toggle for the vertical arithmetic workbench. Update feed.xml and sitemap.xml to reflect recent content additions and modifications.

.agents/skills/ofb/SKILL.md

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ bun run build       # production: JS + Zola + pagefind → public/
 | Graph | `graph.edges` must be **acyclic**; builder throws on cycles |
 | Chart axes (all widgets) | Every coordinate chart must render **x/y axis labels, positive-direction arrowheads, and visible graduations (ticks + scale labels)**. Apply this consistently across all subjects/widgets. |
 | Accessibility | Avoid decorative characters that may render as emoji on mobile. Prefer broadly supported symbols/text so desktop and mobile stay visually consistent. |
+| Demo responsiveness (all widgets) | Mobile-first: keep demo viewport short, reserve stage/canvas height up front to avoid CLS, and never let status/controls overlap or block the interactive area. Use collapsible/toggle controls on small screens when needed. |
 
 ## Common tasks → where to edit
 
@@ -139,6 +140,11 @@ Live chapters live under `content/{subject}/{slug}/`:
 
 **Dialog/modals in widgets:** when adding a `<dialog>` in chapter widgets, use the shared modal pattern and classes from `themes/openfreebooks/sass/_contributors.scss` (`contributor-dialog`, `contributor-dialog-panel`, `contributor-dialog-close`) as the base style, keep the dialog centered in modal mode, and only layer minimal widget-specific overrides on top.
 
+**Widget layout standards (all subjects):**
+- Keep the primary demo stage visible without long pre-scroll on mobile.
+- Reserve stage space from first render (`min-height`/fixed aspect) so hydration or assets do not shift nearby content.
+- Keep feedback UI (step badges, status, toolbars) outside the canvas interaction area, or anchored so they never occlude controls/content.
+
 ### Interactive demo technology choices
 
 Interactive demos can use different technologies based on the learning goal and interaction type:

content/math/written-calculation/_index.md

@@ -117,6 +117,27 @@ strand = "Number & Algebra"
     dividend? Write that digit in the quotient, multiply, subtract, then bring down the next digit. If
     the division is not exact, the amount left is the <strong>remainder</strong>.
   </p>
+  <p>
+    To calculate and check a remainder, always use
+    \( \text{dividend} = \text{divisor} \times \text{quotient} + \text{remainder} \), with
+    \(0 \le \text{remainder} < \text{divisor}\). For example:
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    \[
+    \begin{aligned}
+    157 \div 12 &= 13 \text{ remainder } 1 \\
+    157 &= 12 \times 13 + 1
+    \end{aligned}
+    \]
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    The remainder can also be written as a fraction of the divisor:
+    \[
+    \begin{aligned}
+    157 \div 12 &= 13 + \frac{1}{12}
+    \end{aligned}
+    \]
+  </p>
 
   <h2 id="terminology" class="book-prose__heading">Names of the parts</h2>
   <div class="book-table-wrap">
@@ -190,7 +211,6 @@ strand = "Number & Algebra"
     Subtraction is the inverse of addition: \(c = a - b\) means the same as \(c + b = a\). Borrowing
     moves one ten from the left so the subtraction in the current column matches that story.
   </p>
-
   <h2 id="checkpoints" class="book-prose__heading">Checkpoints</h2>
   <div class="book-callout" role="note">
     <p class="book-callout__label">Checkpoint</p>

content/math/written-calculation/chapter.scss

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 .va-workbench__shell {
   display: flex;
   flex-direction: column;
-  min-height: 28rem;
+  min-height: 24rem;
   border: 1px solid var(--va-panel-border);
   border-radius: 14px;
   overflow: hidden;
@@ -54,6 +54,20 @@
   }
 }
 
+.va-workbench__mobile-toggle {
+  display: none;
+  width: 100%;
+  font: inherit;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  font-size: 0.9rem;
+  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
+  border: 0;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 50%, var(--card-bg));
+  color: var(--ink);
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
 .va-workbench__sidebar {
   flex-shrink: 0;
   display: flex;
@@ -294,37 +308,38 @@
   flex: 1;
   display: flex;
   flex-direction: column;
-  min-height: 16rem;
+  min-height: 18rem;
   background: var(--va-stage-bg);
   position: relative;
 }
 
 .va-workbench__message-box {
-  position: absolute;
+  position: relative;
-  top: 1rem;
+  z-index: 1;
-  left: 50%;
+  width: 100%;
-  transform: translateX(-50%);
+  padding: 0.75rem 0.9rem;
-  z-index: 2;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
-  width: min(92%, 32rem);
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 80%, var(--card-bg));
-  padding: 0.85rem 1.1rem;
-  text-align: center;
-  border: 1px solid var(--line);
-  border-radius: 0.75rem;
-  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--card-bg) 92%, transparent);
-  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
-  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px var(--shadow-soft);
 }
 
 .va-workbench__message-box--error .va-workbench__message {
   color: var(--va-error);
 }
 
+.va-workbench__message-head {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: baseline;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 0.75rem;
+}
+
 .va-workbench__message {
-  font-size: 1rem;
+  font-size: 0.95rem;
   font-weight: 600;
   color: var(--ink);
-  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
+  margin: 0;
   line-height: 1.4;
+  text-align: left;
 }
 
 .va-workbench__progress-track {
@@ -342,9 +357,10 @@
 }
 
 .va-workbench__step-counter {
-  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  font-size: 0.72rem;
   color: var(--muted);
-  margin: 0.35rem 0 0;
+  margin: 0;
+  white-space: nowrap;
 }
 
 .va-workbench__canvas-wrap {
@@ -356,6 +372,51 @@
   background-size: 20px 20px;
 }
 
+@media (max-width: 767px) {
+  .va-workbench {
+    width: 100%;
+    margin-top: 1rem;
+  }
+
+  .va-workbench__mobile-toggle {
+    display: block;
+  }
+
+  .va-workbench__sidebar {
+    gap: 0;
+    max-height: 0;
+    padding: 0 1rem;
+    border-bottom: 0;
+    overflow: hidden;
+    transition: max-height 0.24s ease;
+  }
+
+  .va-workbench__sidebar--open {
+    gap: 0.85rem;
+    max-height: 42rem;
+    padding: 1rem;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
+    overflow-y: auto;
+  }
+
+  .va-workbench__stage {
+    min-height: 14rem;
+  }
+
+  .va-workbench__message-head {
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    row-gap: 0.2rem;
+  }
+
+  .va-workbench__message {
+    font-size: 0.88rem;
+  }
+
+  .va-workbench__canvas-wrap {
+    min-height: 12rem;
+  }
+}
+
 .va-workbench__canvas {
   position: absolute;
   inset: 0;

content/math/written-calculation/core.html

@@ -106,6 +106,27 @@
     dividend? Write that digit in the quotient, multiply, subtract, then bring down the next digit. If
     the division is not exact, the amount left is the <strong>remainder</strong>.
   </p>
+  <p>
+    To calculate and check a remainder, always use
+    \( \text{dividend} = \text{divisor} \times \text{quotient} + \text{remainder} \), with
+    \(0 \le \text{remainder} < \text{divisor}\). For example:
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    \[
+    \begin{aligned}
+    157 \div 12 &= 13 \text{ remainder } 1 \\
+    157 &= 12 \times 13 + 1
+    \end{aligned}
+    \]
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    The remainder can also be written as a fraction of the divisor:
+    \[
+    \begin{aligned}
+    157 \div 12 &= 13 + \frac{1}{12}
+    \end{aligned}
+    \]
+  </p>
 
   <h2 id="terminology" class="book-prose__heading">Names of the parts</h2>
   <div class="book-table-wrap">

content/math/written-calculation/supplement.html

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
     Subtraction is the inverse of addition: \(c = a - b\) means the same as \(c + b = a\). Borrowing
     moves one ten from the left so the subtraction in the current column matches that story.
   </p>
-
   <h2 id="checkpoints" class="book-prose__heading">Checkpoints</h2>
   <div class="book-callout" role="note">
     <p class="book-callout__label">Checkpoint</p>

content/math/written-calculation/widgets/lib/math-visualizer.ts

@@ -129,6 +129,9 @@ export class MathVisualizer {
         this.generateAddition(lines);
       } else {
         let current = lines[0];
+        const initialValue = BigInt(current);
+        const divisionDivisors: bigint[] = [];
+        const divisionRemainders: bigint[] = [];
         const finalStepFrames: Frame[] = [];
 
         for (let i = 1; i < lines.length; i++) {
@@ -159,14 +162,29 @@ export class MathVisualizer {
             this.generateMultiplication(current, next);
             current = (BigInt(current) * BigInt(next)).toString();
           } else if (this.operation === "/") {
-            if (BigInt(next) === 0n) throw new Error("Cannot divide by zero.");
+            const nextDivisor = BigInt(next);
+            if (nextDivisor === 0n) throw new Error("Cannot divide by zero.");
+            const currentValue = BigInt(current);
+            divisionDivisors.push(nextDivisor);
+            divisionRemainders.push(currentValue % nextDivisor);
             this.generateDivision(current, next);
-            current = (BigInt(current) / BigInt(next)).toString();
+            current = (currentValue / nextDivisor).toString();
           }
 
           finalStepFrames.push(this.cloneGrid(this.frames[this.frames.length - 1]));
         }
 
+        if (this.operation === "/" && divisionDivisors.length > 0 && this.frames.length > 0) {
+          const resultFrame = this.cloneGrid(this.frames[this.frames.length - 1]);
+          resultFrame.message = this.buildDivisionResultMessage(
+            initialValue,
+            BigInt(current),
+            divisionDivisors,
+            divisionRemainders
+          );
+          this.frames.push(resultFrame);
+        }
+
         if (finalStepFrames.length > 1) {
           this.frames.push(this.mergeFramesToSummary(finalStepFrames));
         }
@@ -202,6 +220,49 @@ export class MathVisualizer {
     return frame.cells[`${x},${y}`] ?? null;
   }
 
+  private rationalToDecimalString(numerator: bigint, denominator: bigint, maxDigits = 9) {
+    const integerPart = numerator / denominator;
+    let remainder = numerator % denominator;
+    if (remainder === 0n) return integerPart.toString();
+
+    let fractional = "";
+    for (let i = 0; i < maxDigits && remainder !== 0n; i++) {
+      remainder *= 10n;
+      fractional += (remainder / denominator).toString();
+      remainder %= denominator;
+    }
+    if (remainder !== 0n) fractional += "...";
+    return `${integerPart.toString()}.${fractional}`;
+  }
+
+  private buildDivisionResultMessage(
+    originalDividend: bigint,
+    finalQuotient: bigint,
+    divisors: bigint[],
+    remainders: bigint[]
+  ) {
+    const totalDivisor = divisors.reduce((acc, d) => acc * d, 1n);
+    const decimalValue = this.rationalToDecimalString(originalDividend, totalDivisor);
+
+    if (remainders.every((r) => r === 0n)) {
+      return `Result: ${finalQuotient.toString()} (exact division).`;
+    }
+
+    const terms: string[] = [];
+    for (let i = remainders.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      const remainder = remainders[i];
+      const denomFactors = divisors
+        .slice(i)
+        .map((d) => d.toString())
+        .reverse();
+      const denominatorText =
+        denomFactors.length === 1 ? denomFactors[0] : denomFactors.join(" x ");
+      terms.push(`${remainder.toString()}/${denominatorText}`);
+    }
+
+    return `Result: ${finalQuotient.toString()} + ${terms.join(" + ")} = ${decimalValue}`;
+  }
+
   private mergeFramesToSummary(finalFrames: Frame[]): Frame {
     const summaryFrame = this.createEmptyFrame();
     summaryFrame.message = "Final Summary of All Steps";
@@ -661,7 +722,7 @@ export class MathVisualizer {
         qFrame.message = `${div} goes into ${currentVal} exactly ${qDigit} times.`;
         this.frames.push(qFrame);
 
-        if (qDigit > 0 || i === dividendArr.length - 1) {
+        if (qDigit > 0) {
           const subVal = qDigit * div;
           const subStr = subVal.toString();
           const subFrame = this.cloneGrid(this.frames[this.frames.length - 1]);
@@ -695,9 +756,14 @@ export class MathVisualizer {
           }
           resFrame.message = `Remainder is ${currentVal}.`;
           this.frames.push(resFrame);
+        } else if (i === dividendArr.length - 1) {
+          const zeroFrame = this.cloneGrid(this.frames[this.frames.length - 1]);
+          zeroFrame.message = `${div} does not fit into ${currentVal}. Quotient digit is 0; remainder stays ${currentVal}.`;
+          this.frames.push(zeroFrame);
         }
       }
     }
+
   }
 
   render() {

content/math/written-calculation/widgets/vertical-arithmetic-workbench.tsx

@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ function VerticalArithmeticWorkbench() {
   const [playing, setPlaying] = createSignal(false);
   const [speed, setSpeed] = createSignal(800);
   const [soundMuted, setSoundMuted] = createSignal(true);
+  const [controlsOpen, setControlsOpen] = createSignal(false);
 
   const sound = new WorkbenchSound();
   let lastStep = 0;
@@ -178,7 +179,21 @@ function VerticalArithmeticWorkbench() {
       </h2>
 
       <div class="va-workbench__shell">
-        <aside class="va-workbench__sidebar">
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          class="va-workbench__mobile-toggle"
+          aria-expanded={controlsOpen()}
+          aria-controls="va-workbench-controls"
+          onClick={() => setControlsOpen((open) => !open)}
+        >
+          {controlsOpen() ? "Hide controls" : "Show controls"}
+        </button>
+
+        <aside
+          id="va-workbench-controls"
+          class="va-workbench__sidebar"
+          classList={{ "va-workbench__sidebar--open": controlsOpen() }}
+        >
           <div class="va-workbench__brand">
             <span class="va-workbench__brand-icon" aria-hidden="true">
               ±
@@ -309,22 +324,21 @@ function VerticalArithmeticWorkbench() {
         </aside>
 
         <div class="va-workbench__stage">
-          <div
+          <div class="va-workbench__message-box" classList={{ "va-workbench__message-box--error": isError() }}>
-            class="va-workbench__message-box"
+            <div class="va-workbench__message-head">
-            classList={{ "va-workbench__message-box--error": isError() }}
+              <p class="va-workbench__message" aria-live="polite">
-          >
+                {message()}
-            <p class="va-workbench__message" aria-live="polite">
+              </p>
-              {message()}
+              <p class="va-workbench__step-counter">
-            </p>
+                Step {stepCurrent()} / {stepTotal()}
+              </p>
+            </div>
             <div class="va-workbench__progress-track">
               <div
                 class="va-workbench__progress-fill"
                 style={{ width: `${progress()}%` }}
               />
             </div>
-            <p class="va-workbench__step-counter">
-              Step {stepCurrent()} / {stepTotal()}
-            </p>
           </div>
 
           <div ref={canvasWrapRef} class="va-workbench__canvas-wrap">

static/feed.xml

@@ -4,7 +4,14 @@
     <title>Open Free Books</title>
     <link>https://openfreebooks.org/</link>
     <description>Recent updates to Open Free Books pages and live chapters.</description>
-    <lastBuildDate>Fri, 22 May 2026 06:25:20 GMT</lastBuildDate>
+    <lastBuildDate>Fri, 22 May 2026 06:55:33 GMT</lastBuildDate>
+    <item>
+      <title>Pythagoras&apos; theorem</title>
+      <link>https://openfreebooks.org/math/pythagoras-theorem/</link>
+      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://openfreebooks.org/math/pythagoras-theorem/</guid>
+      <pubDate>Fri, 22 May 2026 06:55:33 GMT</pubDate>
+      <description>Use Pythagoras&apos; theorem and its converse in 2D problems and coordinate settings.</description>
+    </item>
     <item>
       <title>Algebraic fractions &amp; formulas</title>
       <link>https://openfreebooks.org/math/algebraic-fractions-formulas/</link>
@@ -26,13 +33,6 @@
       <pubDate>Fri, 22 May 2026 05:57:59 GMT</pubDate>
       <description>0 is nothing; 1 is one. Learn to tell them apart — the same skill as telling false from true — before counting larger amounts.</description>
     </item>
-    <item>
-      <title>Pythagoras&apos; theorem</title>
-      <link>https://openfreebooks.org/math/pythagoras-theorem/</link>
-      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://openfreebooks.org/math/pythagoras-theorem/</guid>
-      <pubDate>Fri, 22 May 2026 05:22:44 GMT</pubDate>
-      <description>Use Pythagoras&apos; theorem and its converse in 2D problems and coordinate settings.</description>
-    </item>
     <item>
       <title>Coordinate geometry foundations</title>
       <link>https://openfreebooks.org/math/coordinate-geometry-foundations/</link>

static/sitemap.xml

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
   </url>
   <url>
     <loc>https://openfreebooks.org/math/pythagoras-theorem/</loc>
-    <lastmod>2026-05-22T05:22:44.000Z</lastmod>
+    <lastmod>2026-05-22T06:55:33.000Z</lastmod>
   </url>
   <url>
     <loc>https://openfreebooks.org/math/quadratic-equations/</loc>